Rhetorical Strategies Analysis of “Bill Clinton’s First Inaugural Address”

Rhetorical Strategies Analysis of â€Å"Bill Clinton's First Inaugural Address† Introduction William Jefferson â€Å"Bill† Clinton served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He got authority at the end of the Cold War. During Cold War, in order to compete with the Soviet Union's military power, the federal government spent a great deal of financial resources to establish a powerful military. The quality of life of common people decreased year after year. At that time, people desired to have a new powerful authority to rebuild people's confidence.Clinton won the 1992 presidential election with 42% of the vote against his predecessor, George H. W. Bush who had 37. 4% of the vote. Clinton's wining ended the Republican rule of the White House of previous years. With 43% of the vote, he outpolled the winning House candidate in five districts. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. In January 1993, he had campaigned on the theme of change and the public expected him to deliver. And in his first inaugural address, he continually promised change.The purpose of my article is to figure out: what rhetorical strategies and tactics did President Clinton use in oder to accomplish hi task of change? Inaugural addresses have often served as the civil religion. Clinton was well – prepared to take this tradition. According to the evidence, it suggests his three main resources for first inaugural address are his lifetime study of the Bible, his education at Georgetown University, and his reading of others' inaugural addresses by Republican and Democratic presidents.During the campaign Clinton mentioned that when he was a little child, he felt a strong calling to go to church even though his parents did not go. He grew up in the Southern Baptist denomination and as he remembered, â€Å"I had to get other people to read the scripture every day or do it myself. † His religious choice fits the American belief. Most American believe that God â€Å"is actively interested and involved in history, with a special concern for America,† as Robert N. Bellah said. During the 1990s, Clinton skillfully used biblical language to make common eople trust him and rebuild their confidence in a future president. Context The inaugural address of an American president is a vital ceremonial event and an occasion for a particular kind of communication between the President and the people. The president represents all the people of a country and his inaugural address shows a direction of the government. The address is the first official announcement made by the new president and it is analyzed as setting the tone for the four years to follow.Presidents have had their own skill in shaping and delivering their addresses, drawing on rhetorical devices to convey a message and to communicate a sense of meaning and value. Clinton gave people a vivid image about a brand new future for the United States with a short first a ddress. He bring a metaphor for the future, â€Å"a spring reborn in the world's oldest democracy, that brings forth the vision and courage to reinvent America. † For the spring to be reborn in America, President Clinton called for government and public to change.Clinton thought that America have to change for better notion and â€Å"not change for change's sake, but change to preserve America's ideals – life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † Thus, from my perspective, the rhetorical strategy of Clinton's first address is persuasion. He tries to explain contemporary situation of America and he tries to advocate â€Å"change† on this issue. The Strategy of Persuasion As we learned, the three main methods of persuasion involve pathos, ethos and logos. President Clinton seems to use one major approach, pathos, to persuade audiences. Also you can read Rhetorical Devices in Night Walker by Brent StaplesPathos is to use emotion to persuade audiences' minds in a rhetorical argument. President Clinton uses basic American beliefs and ideologies, such as, â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† trying to arouse people's passion. Also, he brought out the social problem of America, that â€Å"raised in unrivaled prosperity, we inherit an economy that is still the world's strongest, but is weakened by business failures, stagnant wages, increasing inequity, and deep divisions among our people. † He used realistic problems to relate to common people's daily life. It brings out another passion, which is to struggle for their life.Then, in the middle of his first inaugural address, Clinton calls for people's responsibilities to renew and create a better nation. He uses child to bring out a bigger theme of posterity and he calls people's passion to create a better society for their posterity. He said, â€Å"posterity is the world to come — the world for whom we hold our ideals, from whom we have borrowed our planet, and to whom we bear sacred responsibility. † By using pathos of persuasion, President Clinton tried to arouse the public to put more effort into establishing American society in order to renew the United States.The significant purpose of persuasion always to change people's behavior eventually. Then, Clinton mentioned three main parts to renew the whole country. First of all, â€Å"to renew America, we must be bold,† which brings out the responsibilities of citizens and government; second of all, â€Å"we must revitalize our democracy,† which discusses reinventing authority and the federal government; finally, â€Å"we must meet challenges abroad as well at home,† and President Clinton gave two ideas both diplomacy and national thoughts. The Strategy of Biblical LanguageIn the end of first address, President Clinton emphasis on how individuals change themselves to drive the government's and country's change. He used emotional language to make that argument, that is â€Å"in serving, we recognize a simple but powerful truth — we need each other. † In the final paragraph of the inaugural address, it included a verse from St. Paul's letter to the Galatians, â€Å"and let us not be weary in well – doing; for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not,† which could make special resonance. As mentioned above, Clinton uses biblical language to reference to political trusts and purposes.

Greek Mythology View’s of Creation Essay

The story of the creation of the universe has many different versions. In some cultures it is believed that the universe was created by the procreation of the Deathless Creatures. Other cultures believe that the creation of the universe resulted from a big bang in which all of the elements in the world gathered together to create a huge mass and then burst to create life. Lastly, and the most believed version, is that the creation of the universe came from a God who would create the world and everything in it. In the ancient cultures, the Greeks and Romans had many different versions of how the universe was created but most looked to the versions by Hesiod and Ovid. Hesiod was a famous oral poet in Ancient Greece. He is thought to have lived between 750 and 650 BC, but no one knows for sure. Along with Homer, Hesiod is believed to be the earliest of the Greek poets. But it is hard to prove which one had come first. Not only did his writings serve as entertainment, but they were also used in other aspects of Greek living. He taught them farming techniques and is believed to have been the first economist. Not only was he a businessman but he also was keen in astronomy and ancient time keeping. Hesiod is a very important man in Greek History and his early writings showcase his abilities. Theogony by Hesiod gives a Greek version of the creation of the universe. In this book, Hesiod describes how the entire universe was created from the Deathless Creature, Gaia. But he described that before Gaia came, the only thing that was in existence was Chaos. â€Å"In truth at first Chaos came to be† (Hesiod, Theogony 116). According to Theogony, Chaos suddenly rose out of nothing. Hesiod talks about how me might have been created from the area between Gaia, earth, and Tartarus, a massive pit in the earth below the underworld. After Chaos, Gaia was the next creature to be created. It was created as a place for the Gods and mortals to live in peace and harmony. With Gaia came the terrain of the world. The next Deathless Creature that came was Tartarus, a massive pit in the earth below the underworld. Ironically, Tartarus is where Zeus would banish all of the Deathless Creatures. What interested me is that the next Deathless Creature from Hesiod’s story of creation is Eros. Eros is the personification of love. I started to wonder how all of the other gods were created if there was no such thing as procreation at the time. And then I did some research and learned that before Eros the Gods were created through parthenogenesis. According to Webster’s Dictionary, Parthenogenesis is â€Å"development of an egg without fertilization†. This occurs when a male and female specimen is not needed to create an embryo. Just like the hammerhead or the blacktip shark, which can procreate without a male being. Eros changed the ways of the world with love. Chaos had many children, including Erebus and Nyx. Erebus and Nyx were born roughly around the same. Erebus was the male personification of the darkness while Nyx was the female personification of the night. Erebus and Nyx then went on to have children, Aether, the atmosphere and Hemera, the day. â€Å"From Chaos came forth Erebus and black Night Nyx; of Night were born Aether being the bright upper atmosphere and Day Hemera, whom she conceived and bore from union with Erebus her brother† (Hesiod 11. 116-138). The next lines in Theogony talk about Gaia giving birth to two children, Pontus and Uranus. All of the creatures represent something, this trend continues with Gaia’s children. Pontus represents the sea and Uranus represents the heavens. She created them so that she would be covered. Finally, after all of the deathless creatures were created, Gaia and Uranus came together to make the first real gods, which were known as the Titans. There were twelve Titans in all and are referred to as the second generation. The male Titans were: Oceanus, Hyperion, Coeus, Cronus, Crius, and Lapetus. The female Titans were: Mnemosyne, Tethys, Theia, Phoebe, Rhea, and Themis. Along with the twelve Titans, there were also three Cyclopes and three Hekatonkheires born. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Uranus was so disgusted by his children, the Hekatonkheires, that he banished them somewhere in Gaia. Gaia was so upset that she told her Titans to punish their father. The only one that was willing to do so was the youngest, Cronus. He castrated his father as revenge. From the castration many more creatures were born. For example, the furies were born from the blood that was spread all throughout the Earth and Aphrodite was born when Cronus threw the severed private parts into the Sea. The third and final Generation to be born from the deathless creatures was the children of Cronus and Rhea. It was prophesized to him that one of his children would over throw him. Cronus took preemptive measures and thought out an ingenious plan of swallowing his children after they were born. He had six children and one-by-one he would swallow them. His first-born child was named Hestia who was subsequently eaten. Soon to follow in her path were Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon. Zeus was the last child to be born, but Rhea could not stand to see another one of her children eaten so she replaced him with a stone. The poem does not state how, but Cronus puked up the remaining five children and they all waged war on their father. Zeus would eventually win and become king. He would then do what many of the other gods had done and banish his father. He sent them all to the bottom of Tartarus where they would never be able to escape. Hesiod’s Theogony first starts off the creation process by bringing darkness, Chaos, and creating things from that. Then it gets into the procreation of the brothers and sisters, and mothers and sons. From that point, the Olympic gods mate with each other and mortal humans as well. This is one version of the Greek story of the Creation of the Universe. Ovid is a Roman poet and in his poem, Metamorphoses, it also speaks of the creation of the universe. In his poem, he splits up the human race into Four Ages: Gold, Silver, Bronze, and Iron Ages. They tell of different times in the universe’s history. At first, there is nothing. Then a god comes and organizes everything and puts it where it’s supposed to be. For example, he puts fire in the farthest part of the universe and so forth. Ovid then gives 3 stories of how mankind was created recreated. First, It then talks about how the god, Prometheus, created the human race as a replica of the God. Then Ovid talks about a war that goes on between the gods and the Giants. During that war the giants stack mountains on top of each other to reach Mount Olympus. But Zeus then knocks over the pile of mountains and all of the Giants are crushed under the rubble. Meanwhile, their blood seeps through the earth. From the blood, humans arose. The final form of creation that Ovid speaks of occurs after the flood. Zeus is upset with the Humans and wants to kill all of them. He sends a massive flood to the earth to wipe them all out. When he comes to a hill he sees two pious people and decided to let them live. The two survivors, Deucalion and Pyrrha, are the ones with recreate the human race. They take the mother bones and throw them over their shoulders. From each bone, a human would sprout up. In the Bible, the story of Genesis talks about the creation of the universe. It states the God created the universe in sex days and rested on the seventh. On each day God creates a different thing. The last thing he creates was the human race. He created them last and they were created as an image of God. According to the two poems and the chapter in the Bible, the story of the creation of the universe happened it three very different ways. In Hesiod’s version, the world and nature around it all came from Mother Earth, Gaia. And the human race came from the love that was spread by Aphrodite and Eros. In Ovid’s version, the world was a chaotic mess and it was an unknown god that restored order into the world. The bible is the only version to give a time of how long it took to create the world and everything in it. Even though there are many differences in the stories, there are also a lot of similarities as well One similarity that all of the accounts of creation hold are the human race was last to be created in all versions. Mankind came after everything in the world was created for them. Another similarity is that the humans were created as an image of God. Lastly, the final similarity that comes from all the versions is; the universe started off as nothing (pure darkness) and then a god came and began the process of creation. In conclusion, Hesiod’s version of creation takes about the promiscuous ways of the gods and titans. Their promiscuity is what created the world and everything in it. According to Ovid’s version, an unknown god created the world and everything in it and gives stories of how the humans were created and recreated. In the Book of Genesis, God created the world in seven days; as well as everything in it. All three versions of creation did have some differences in their stories, but in they all ended with the creation of mankind. Works Cited Hesiod, and Norman Oliver Brown. Theogony;. New York: Liberal Arts, 1953. Print. â€Å"Hesiod’s Creation Myth. † Women in Greek Myths. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. . Ovidius, and Mary M. Innes. The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1985. Print. Separating, By. â€Å"Xeno. ovid2. † Larryavisbrown. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. . â€Å"SparkNotes: Metamorphoses: Plot Overview. † SparkNotes: Today’s Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. . â€Å"Theogony. † Free Book Reviews | Book Summaries | Shvoong – Summaries & Reviews. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. . â€Å"The Theogony of Hesiod. † Internet Sacred Text Archive Home. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. .

Psychological Journal Article Summary and Analysis Research Paper

Psychological Journal Article Summary and Analysis - Research Paper Example Another explicit purpose of the study was to compare mere exposure (exposure without a reward) to a no-treatment control condition. The role that this control condition played in the experiment was to provide a baseline for the analysis of child responses when external rewards were presented. The authors were also interested several factors that contribute to the discrepancy between the tendency for rewards to increase acceptance in field studies on one hand, but the tendency of rewards to decrease liking in laboratory studies. Implicit in the design of their study, the researchers attempted to study the type of reward used, the initial liking, and the intended outcome of the study and whether those factors play a role. To accomplish these tasks, the researchers used a cluster-randomized experimental design that arranged over 400 children into four conditions: an exposure plus tangible non-food reward, an exposure plus social reward, an exposure alone, and a no-treatment control grou p. Over 12 days, the children were presented daily with the exposure to a vegetable that children find objectionable in taste. Then, the children from the respective conditions were either given an additional reward or, for those in the control condition, left alone. The results measured from these tests of taste were collected at a one-month and a three-month point after the 12 exposures in order to examine the effects of the exposures on acquisition and maintenance of the taste. This research design was intended to either accept or reject the hypothesis that external rewards have a significant effect on changing children’s tastes for vegetables. The children in the study fell in between the range of 4 and 6 years old and were randomly assigned to their conditions. To test each of the children individually, the researchers used a vegetable that the child rated in the middle of five other vegetables so that there was the potential of learning to enjoy the taste of that middle vegetable. During the intervention period, children were given praise as a reward (in the social reward condition), a sticker (in the tangible non-food condition), or minimal social interaction (in the no exposure condition). Through all of this testing, the researchers discovered that liking for the vegetable increased in the three intervention conditions as compared to the control condition, in which children were not exposed to the vegetable. Within these results, there was no significant difference in liking between each of the exposure conditions (that is, social rewards did not increase liking more than non-food tangible rewards). In terms of timing after the initial study, each of the interventions maintained their difference at a significant level for one month, during the acquisition phase. However, children who were rewarded with external rewards maintained their liking for three months or more during the maintenance phase. Likewise, during this maintenance phase, there w as no significant difference between the social reward and the non-food tangible reward condition in terms of who continued to like the vegetables more. Meanwhile, the effect of the no reward exposure because insignificant by that three month point. In other words, external rewards do not produce negative effects and may actually be useful to

What is the real happiness in a family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is the real happiness in a family - Essay Example Richard Bausch’s story, â€Å"Aren’t you happy for me?† in all its simplicity gives the reader an insight into a much more complex scenario depicted by observing a incident in the life of a ordinary family. In this story the more that is revealed, the more complex the situation that the father is immersed in becomes until ultimately he realizes the gravity of a situation he had underestimated; the distance that had become undeniable in his marriage and what a difficult path his daughter had taken. A key element of the story that is used by the author is that of revelation. It is used with gravity and artfully timed in the way it deepens not only the story but the characters as well. It further thickens the plot and depicts to the reader the importance of revelation and how the transformation the characters undergo with it as they are portrayed in light of their exquisite humanness. It is this very quality which makes them heroic and at the same time flawed. The story revolves around a phone call between a father and daughter as the predicament that the daughter is in slowly unwinds as the father discovers she is pregnant and about to marry a 63 year old man who was also her professor. As he internalizes and processes the situation his daughter reveals which in all its complicated nature seems to be a reason for joy for her, greatly disturbs the father as he categorizes the predicament as severely grave; a cherry on top of the problems his life already was in. "Outside the window, his wife, with no notion of what she was about to be hit with, looked through the patterns of shade in the blinds and, seeing him, waved. It was friendly, and even so, all their difficulty was in it." (p.87) Bausch’s style is highly effective in the way that he builds on to the sense of dismay and connects to the reader, as his daughter relays to him the string of bad news. "Honey, this is a joke, right? You're playing a joke on me." (p.89.) Furthermore the reader can clearly emphasize for Ballinger as the news is spun on him with the naive child like expectation to not react to news that was clearly startling for any parent. "You're going to react, then. I wish you could just promise me you wouldn't." (p.88). Bausch’s focus on the situation at hand and not the use of external factors to highlight the internal emotional and mental state of the characters is one of the major strengths of his narration. He brings forth a very relatable scenario that portrays the internal battle between the sexes, generations and family dynamics. The volatile reaction of the father and his uncontrollable bursts of anger lead us to imagine if it was this particular trait of his that had caused rifts in his until now happy and prosperous marriage. "That's not the point. The point is that you, sir, are not much more than a goddam statutory rapist. That's the point." (p.90). It also shows how adept the author is in casting inadequate male character s; a husband whose marriage if failing and a 63 year old professor who has impregnated and is now marrying his much younger student. There are two main focuses of Bausch’s story; one that revolves around a marriage and family starting and the other on a marriage ending. "The truth was that he had news of his own to tell. Almost a week ago he and Mary had agreed on a separation. Some time for both of them to sort things out." (p. 86) One cannot help but wonder if the fury

Leadership & Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership & Negotiation - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that organizations are faced with an alarming shrinkage in the availability of funds as obtaining credit has become harder, a fact which has resulted in driving well established businesses to the point of bankruptcy. The global recession also proves to be a considerable challenge because inflation has increased the level of risk associated with business activities and in these times of the financial crunch.This essay discusses that smaller businesses will generally be much more sensitive to the on going credit crunch because of their limited sources of external funding, larger more well established organizations will face the difficulties of keeping a huge business set up going in an atmosphere of financial   vulnerability. Hence it would be safe to say that all sorts of businesses are facing considerable difficulties during these times. However, there are some ways that organizations can counter these circumstances. Leaders must aim to build their o rganization’s credit structures in a way which enable them to weather the â€Å"bitter cold shock to the credit markets† . Leaders of small to medium organizations can ensure credit approval by devising strong negotiation strategies and can also look towards other sources of external financing such as â€Å"crowd funding†.  Leaders will have to learn how to make their organizations more ‘flexible’, because surviving in today’s business environment means that organizations will have to respond to the micro-markets’ demands in a timely manner, and this can only be done if organizations are flexible.

International Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Marketing Strategies - Essay Example A major issue involves the organization structures that are conducive to global marketing strategy implementation (Appelbaum et al, 1998). While centralization vs. decentralization and product division vs. geographical division have received some discussion in the literature, other dimensions of organizational structure have not been investigated adequately. For example, how a firm’s decision to enter into international joint ventures (or any other modes of foreign market entry) affects its ability to implement a global marketing strategy, and how various knowledge management systems relate to a firm’s ability to implement a global marketing strategy are among important issues to be researched (Bellamy and Graham, 1987). Still another major issue in global marketing is the type of organization cultures that facilitates global marketing strategy implementation (Beyers and Lindahl, 1999). Perhaps the strength of the organization culture is an important variable, or the content of the organization culture is more relevant. Researchers need to develop sound classification schemes for organization cultures, and link them to a firm’s ability to implement a global marketing strategy. Empirical research in this area is particularly scarce. In addition to the aforementioned issues that relate to a firm’s internal organizational resources, research is also needed to identify various industry globalization drivers and the specific mechanisms through which a global marketing strategy can lead to competitive advantages for a firm.

Write a report on the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report on the article - Essay Example To provide a context for the case described in the article, there has been an exponential growth in the number of e-learning programs offered by universities around the world. Hence, it becomes imperative to erect suitable measures to prevent these systems from going down. There is a need to ensure that e-learning systems that are the backbone of many of the courses offered by these universities are robust and can withstand the onslaught of cyber warriors who delight in hacking into these systems and bringing them down. The case described in the article is about how the e-learning system that went down was a result of poor maintenance and inadequate measures taken by the administrators responsible for maintaining the system. As the authors point out, there were several lapses in the way in which the system was maintained and run by the IT department of KU. Some of them include, not taking backups regularly, improper use of the C drive and no structured effort to maintain user accounts and delete them after the students have left the university. These and other errors led to the system crashing and threatening the conduct of the e-learning course in the university. What is galling is the fact that there was a lackadaisical approach to the whole issue of maintaining the system from failure. This is something that the management of KU ought to take seriously and ensure that such haphazard methods of maintaining the system are avoided. This case holds lots of lessons for the system administrators of all kinds of IT systems and in particular, those of the e-learning modules that are very popular in the education sector. The fact that downtime in a system threatens the conduct of the entire course and leaves the fate of the students in the balance should be a wakeup call to all those who are in-charge of maintaining the system. The article is an important

Assignment proposal 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal 4 - Assignment Example Questionnaires are one of the data collection methods that I will use in this research. In my questionnaires, I will include both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Closed-ended questions will capture non-negotiable information such as the name of the organization and the department from which my respondents will be coming from. Individual opinions about what different aspects of privatization will be captured using open-ended questions. Since questionnaires are effective in market research, they will help answer my research question because it has to do with the private sector (Roland 2008, 34). Interviews are the other data method that will be employed in my dissertation research. Interviews will be essential in probing respondents on the basis of their personal beliefs and opinions about privatization. These interviews will be done through face-to-face encounters with respondents or through telephone calls for respondents who will not be accessible through face-to-face meeting. One thing that makes interviews sufficient in answering my research question is that they will allow follow up questions on the answers that respondents will give hence providing a better understanding of the topic (IMF 2010, 71). The demographics that may be of significance to this research include age, level of education and the position in which every respondent serves in Zain Company. Age demographics will provide insight into the varying perceptions of privatization by different generations including baby boomers (born between 1940s and 1960s) and the millennial (born between 1970s and 2000). Gender will be captured but may not have a determining impact on the findings on the topic under study. All participants that are employees of Zain Company will be eligible for inclusion in this study. Government employees in the Department of Statistics will be included as key participants in this research (Megginson 2005, 27). In analyzing my data, I

Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency Essay Richard Nixon is one of the most controversial figures in American history. His presidency is remembered most for the Watergate scandal and his subsequent resignation but some of his foreign policies forever altered American foreign diplomacy. One of the major policies that President Nixon was responsible for was changing the nature of the United States relationship with China. He did this by setting into motion covert diplomatic actions and cultural exchanges between the two countries. Nixon’s reasons for improving relationships with the Communist regime was to force the Soviet Union to be more accommodating to American demands and to also help end the war in Vietnam. Another reason for improving relations was very personal for Richard Nixon. He wanted to show his power as an international statesman to the world and American public. American/Chinese relations for many years were friendly and involved the trade of goods and ideas. American missionaries had gone to China to build churches and hospitals. The two countries were allies against the Japanese during World War II. After the war ended the United States was not an ally of China as a whole but one political group, the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang, led by Chang Kai Shek, were in battled in a civil war with the Chinese communists who would eventually win out. Chang Kai Shek would take his government to the island of Taiwan. After the civil war, the United States only recognized Chang’s Republic of China and kept the People’s Republic of China, led by Mao Ze-Dong, out of the United Nations and other international bodies. This led to an isolation of China by a majority of the international community. The only diplomatic relations the United States had with China were through intermediary countries. While relations with the United States were sour, the Chinese relationship with the Soviet Union had quickly deteriorated. Both China and the Soviet Union were communist countries but their ideologies were very different. Their relationship slowly became strained and both countries started to build up troops along their common border through the 1960s. After the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia and released the Brezhnev Doctrine, which stated that the Kremlin â€Å"had the right to correct deviationism in other communist countries by military intervention,† the Chinese no longer considered the Soviet Union as an ally. This led to violent border clashes between the two countries in March 1969. By the end of 1969 the Soviet Union had over a million troops stationed along the Soviet/Chinese border and missiles aimed at major Chinese cities. The year before, a former republican vice-president from California, Richard Nixon, was elected president. He had made a name for him self in Congress as a leading anti-communist and he went on to serve as vice-president under Dwight D Eisenhower. Even before he was elected president, Nixon had expressed interest in opening up relations with China despite his previous negative views of communism. In 1967 he wrote an article for Foreign Affairs magazine where he stated â€Å"We simply cannot afford to leave China forever outside the family of nations, there to nurture its fantasies, cherish its hates and threaten its neighbors. There is no place on this small planet for a billion of its potentially most able people to live in angry isolation.† After his election as President Richard Nixon decided to make China one of the primary focuses of his foreign policy. One of his primary reasons for doing this was to gain an upper hand in the now 20-year-old Cold War with the Soviet Union. The Soviets had taken over several Eastern European countries and turned them into communist states in an attempt to show the world the successes of Communism. Also by the late 1960s the United States was no longer confident that it could win a war with the Soviet Union since they had had the two decades since the Second World War to regain it military strength. This required the United States to have to change strategies in dealing with the Soviet Union. They now had to shift their focus to gaining China as an ally. The State Department in the summer of 1969 began to announce various unilateral gestures of reconciliation. Many restrictions on travel and trade were lifted. This would become know as â€Å"Ping Pong† diplomacy. It was so named after the United States ping-pong team was invited to the Chinese capital in April of 1971. During their visit the group was treated as though they were dignitaries or royalty. They played matches against the Chinese team but also visited important landmarks through out China. The American delegation was accompanied by members of the press and was closely watched by the American public. At a banquet for the visiting Americans, Chou En-Lai, the Chinese Premier told the group, â€Å"Exchanges between our two countries have been cut off for a long time but now, with your acceptance of our invitation, you have opened a new page in the relations of the Chinese and American people.† While the American ping-pong players were the talk of the media, behi nd the scenes Nixon was putting into action his plan to improve relations with China. He did this by employing his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, to make covert communications with the Chinese government. Before the Ping-Pong players had ever set foot in China and at the beginning of his presidency Nixon had Kissinger prepare a study on the feasibility of improving American/Chinese relations. Originally Kissinger was hesitant about the idea of talks with China even being quoted as saying â€Å"this crazy guy really does want to normalize relations with China.† But even Kissinger knew that an alliance between the United States and China could shift the global political powers more in favor of the United States and away from communism and the Soviet Union. One of the biggest roadblocks to improving relations with China was the issue of Taiwan. Since the Chinese civil war ended the United States had only recognized the government of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan. So even as Nixon is trying to improve relations with communist China there is still the issue that the United States does not officially recognize the People’s Republic of China as a legitimate government. To ease some of China’s concerns, Nixon instructs his administration to terminate navel patrols in the Straight of Taiwan. Also in a radio address that Nixon gave on February 25, 1971 regarding his congressional foreign policy report he reiterated both his intention to protect Taiwan but open up talks with China. â€Å"We will search for consecutive discussions with Communist China while maintaining our defense commitment to Taiwan. When the Government of the Peoples Republic of China is ready to engage in talks, it will find us receptive to agreements that further the legitimate national interests of China and its neighbors.† A visit to China was next on Nixon’s foreign policy agenda. He announced his intentions in 1970, taking much of the world by surprise especially the Soviet Union. He negotiated this visit first by secretly sending Henry Kissinger to Beijing in July of 1971. Kissinger made this covert trip by faking illness on a diplomatic visit to Pakistan and flying to China to convey Nixon’s intention to Premier Zhou En-Lai. It was decided that President Nixon would visit the following year. On February 21, 1972, Richard Nixon became the first United States President to visit China. The following week would become known as the â€Å"week that changed the world. † President Nixon would only meet with an ailing Mao Ze-dong one time during his visit but it would set in motion events that would lead to United States recognition of Mao’s government and an end to the Cold War. The visit ended with both countries issuing the Shanghai Communiquà ©. In this document both countries pledged to work towards normalization of relations. The United States also agreed to remove military forces from Taiwan. Shortly after the delegations return from their visit to China, Richard Nixon tasked Henry Kissinger with negotiating arms treaties with the Soviet Union. With the well-publicized visit closely watched by the Soviets the United States now had more bargaining power. In 1972, Kissinger negotiated the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks. The two Cold-War super powers agreed that they would begin limiting missiles, nuclear arms, and delivery systems. With his relative success in negotiating deals with both China and the Soviet Union, Richard Nixon was hopeful that he would have the same success in negotiating a deal with North Vietnam to end the Vietnam War. Going into his re-election campaign in 1972 the United States had been at war in Vietnam for 12 years, over 50,000 had been killed, and billions of dollars had been spent. His first major policy regarding Vietnam that Nixon put into place was the Nixon Doctrine. The Doctrine had three major tenants. First, the United States would honor all of its treaty agreements. Secondly, the United States would provide a shield if a nuclear power threatened an ally or a country the United States deemed to be vital to its national security. And, lastly, the United States would provide military and economic aid to countries under treaty agreements, but the requesting nation would be expected to bear primary responsibility to provide the manpower for its own defense. The Nixon Doctrine led to the withdrawal of ground troops from Vietnam and training the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in defense of their own country. Nixon had also hoped that his new treaties with China would help to isolate the North Vietnamese and convince them to sign a peace treaty. In 1973, a cease-fire was negotiated at the Paris Peace Accords and ended United States involvement in Vietnam. However this did not stop the spread of communism to south Vietnam. Nixon’s improved relations with China were largely unsuccessful in there being a positive resolution of the Vietnam War. While the entire episode of the Vietnam War was seen as a blemish on Richard Nixon’s Presidency he was still very concerned about his image not only among the American public but on the world stage as well. He wanted to use his visit to China to draw attention to his expertise as a global statesman. Among the people that accompanied Nixon on his trip to China was White House Chief of Staff Bob Haldeman. While Nixon was meeting mostly with Chinese Premier Zhou and negotiating agreements, Haldeman and Nixon’s wife Pat toured factories and schools throughout China. Mrs. Nixon was followed by a large group of press. Bob Haldeman was in charge of making their visit look very positive to the American public. Margaret MacMillan writes in her book Nixon in China, â€Å"The images flowed back to the United States, targeted for prime-time evening television. It was a presidential election year at home and Haldeman wanted to make sure that Nixon shone out as the great leader and statesman.† From the very beginning of his Presidency Richard Nixon always wanted to be seen in a positive light especially his portrayal in the media. He tasked members of his staff with combating any negative comments said about him and manage any news about him. He bordered on obsessive when it came to public image. His first week in office he formed a task called the â€Å"Five O’clock† group that was responsible for monitoring television programs for any negative comments about the President or his administration and defending them. With the Vietnam War and the protests to the end the war at the top of most news stories, Nixon needed to do something to get his name back in the limelight. Many believe that this a major factor for his motivation to reach out to China and his subsequent visit. During his time in China he made sure the entire trip was highly publicized. He did numerous photo opportunities at such places like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. The reception his visit received by the American public was very positive. This was their first view into the isolated nation in over 20 years. This view, however, was a carefully scripted play put on by the Chinese government. This was their attempt to show a â€Å"New† China, not one that was still suffering from th e isolationist policies of the Cultural Revolution. The Chinese officials responsible for showing China in a positive way had people picnicking outside of factories in the bitter cold listening to revolutionary music and then collected the radios they were listening to after the delegation left. These inconsistencies were noticed by a Canadian member of the press to which Premier Zhou had to quietly admit that this was wrong of them to do. But the idea of a â€Å"New† China would only help President Nixon portray to the world that America and China, even with such opposite political views, could come to an understanding. His visit took the entire worlds view off of Vietnam and on to him personally while he visited China. Kissinger had pled with President Nixon to not make his trip to China a media circus because of the impact it would have internationally with America’s allies and enemies. International reaction to the visit was mixed. The United States allies were mostly disappointed that they had been kept in the dark about the new relations. The British felt particularly offended that they were not informed before hand about the dealings going on between the Americans and the Chinese. Even with the somewhat cool reception in the international community about Richard Nixon’s visit to China it was still one of the most significant moments in United States foreign policy during the Cold War. Henry Kissinger wrote in his memoir On China, â€Å" The reward for Sino-American rapprochement would not be a state of perpetual friendship or a harmony of values, but a rebalancing of the global equilibrium.† Richard Nixon helped to accomplish this by improving relations with China in an effort to change the American relationship with the Soviet Union and end the Vietnam War. While his intentions were for both personal and professional gain, either way his foreign policies remain at the top of his successes as President. Nixon’s presidency is mostly remembered of one wrought with corruption and following the Watergate scandal, he is still the only United States President to resign from office. He became known as politician that would use any means necessary to accomplish his goals but this also led to his downfall. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bundy, William. A Tangled Web: The making of Foreign Policy in the Nixon Presidency. New York, 1989. Chang, Gordon H.. Friends and enemies: the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948-1972. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1990. Devoss, David A. Ping-Pong Diplomacy. Smithsonian . 33. no. 1 2002 Keilers, John G. U.S. Army Military History Institute, Nixon Doctrine and Vietnamization. Last modified 2007. Accessed November 14, 2012. http://www.army.mil/article/3867/Nixon_Doctrine_and_Vietnamization/. Kissinger, Henry On China. New York: Penguin Press, 2011. Print. MacMillan, Margaret. Nixon in China: the week that changed the world. Toronto: Viking Canada, 2006. Nixon, Richard. Miller Center, Radio Address About Second Annual Foreign Policy Report to the Congress . Last modified 1971. Accessed November 14, 2012. http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/3875. Nixon, Richard M. Asia After Viet Nam. Foreign Affairs, October 1967. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam (accessed October 18, 2012) Small, Melvin. The presidency of Richard Nixon. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999. Walker, Anne Collins, John Eastman, and Elizabeth C Eastman. China calls: paving the way for Nixons historic journey to China. Lanham, Md.: Madison Books :, 1992.

Reply to the forum about rude behavior in the Society Essay Example for Free

Reply to the forum about rude behavior in the Society Essay Rudeness is very much prevalent in every aspect of the society. Illiterate people and even those professionals and students are infected by the behavior of rudeness. Often times, rudeness is tolerated that is why instead of eradicating it, situations linked to it only get worse. It is slowly becoming a trend but of course, not all trends are good and should be followed. The factors that were given in the post do influence the spread of rudeness. These factors from the environment weaken the foundation of a person’s good character. Aside from the elements of a busy and secluded lifestyle and broken families, more factors that trigger rudeness include the media, technology and lack of moral obligation. The media takes part on catering thoughts of rudeness to the societies. A celebrity who has bad behavior and got away with it is one illustration that rudeness can be considered as a so-so action. Thus, there is lack of moral obligation in every wrong action that was done. The technology provides materials of rudeness through videos or simple pranks on a television show. Lack of moral obligation is also related to an environment of a broken family. If there is no discipline at home, the child or the teenager can adopt the same behavior when he is at school. For example, if the child is impatient, he cannot wait in line when at the school canteen. Hence, he will show behavior of irritability and may go in front of the line instead of waiting for his turn. Slight rudeness can be treated as poor etiquette. Still, it is classified under the category of rudeness. Instances of poor etiquettes will surely develop into rudeness. On the other hand, there is the question on whether rudeness is dependent on how the person handles its influences. A person can be exposed to negative influences but can still manage to have a good behavior. In order to do that, he must have a strong core of values that can help him ward off the factors of rudeness. As for someone who is already rude, there is always the possibility that he will learn his lessons, probably the hard way to realize that rudeness is not acceptable in the society. References: DBSR. (2009, December 10). Why Have We Evolved Into Such a Rude Society?. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://dontbesorude. com/2009/12/why-have-we-evolved-into-such-a- rude- society/

Analysis of Marxist Theories of Crime

Analysis of Marxist Theories of Crime According to Karl Marx, crime is as a result of the social structures and the economic system that is implemented Karl Marx is a renowned scholar who came up with different kinds of theories to explain the various situations in the world of sociology and economics. In his school of criminology, he largely focuses on conflict criminology and why things change and the role of society in these changes. He acknowledges that the shift from one society to another is not at all smooth as there are obstacles for example, crime. According to Marxism, for the different societies in the world, there exist different social classes. These are based on what each group owns and what it is therefore in control of. The conflict was persistent due to the ownership of the means of production which included land, labor and tools. Hence, the conflict was between the owners and the non-owners of the various means of production. As a result, there was a rise of the two social classes; the working class (less powerful) and the ruling class (more powerful). In a capitalist economic system, the main means of production include factories and machineries. As a result, the owners of these means of production are out to gain all that they can from the implementation of these means of production. However, they still need labor in order to complete the production process. Their main objective is to maximize profits and as such, they result to minimization of the labor costs as much as possible. As a result, the working class is angered by the low wages and is ultimately tired of the exploitation by the persistent means of production owners. Eventually, the working class tends to alienate itself from the overbearing production process. The working class will therefore try anything in its power so as to overthrow the owners who have continuously been exploiting their labor. (Crutchfield, 2000) In their continuous endeavor to overthrow the dominating ruling class, there is competition among them and things become harder. Karl Marx notes that in due course, the working class realizes that the means of production owners also dominate the political divide. As such, their needs are well catered for in the formation of the laws that govern them. They not only have economic control, but also political control. It is then that the working class realizes that they are trapped in their course for freedom and equality. The working class therefore becomes vulnerable and results to crime. After all, there is hardly any way out as the owners of means of production have completely dominated the economy. The poor continue to be poor while the rich become richer. Marxist argued that it was only through theorists like them coming out to clearly inform the working class of who their enemies really are that the conflict resolution would advance and eventually the working class would achieve their sole objective of having some form of control. He argued that with the underpinnings of the capitalist system being brought to light, the fall of this system would be hastened and a communist system would be eventually reached. A system where there were no rights to private property and hence, a society free of classes and oppression. (Tibbetts Hemmens, 2009) Though he did not largely dwell on deviance, Karl largely mentioned about criminal tendencies. He even ironically mentions that had there been no criminals, then personnel such as judges and the police would have no jobs. Marx largely dwells on the societal pressures in doing wrongs other than the individual motives of being immoral. This is largely supported by some scholars for example, Merton who argues that the problem of alienation is mainly due to the social structure other than social change since the society presents equal goal to be achieved yet there are no equal means of achieving the set out goals and objectives. It therefore becomes a form of survival for the fittest. Deviance therefore, is as a result of incompatibility of what the society expects of the working class and the social structure that is in existence. It is accepted by all sociologists that for a society to function effectively, there needs to exist some sort of social order. Laws that govern a state should be for the sole interest of the state. However, there seems to emerge a group that is always leading. This could be as a result of the power that they solely possess. The emergence of such a group could be as a result of efficiently and effectively using power. According to Marx, it is also a huge possibility that the group owns the means of production and is hence in control. A good example is the case of British Colonialism Law in East Africa that resulted in the ruling class having complete control over the coffee plantations. As a result crime becomes on the rise as the working class, though wrongfully, fights for its right. According to the sociologist researchers, it is evident once a group of people have political power, they end embedding all ownership rights of property to themselves and the working class is left at their mercy. As a result, crime rises. Marx was for the idea that means of production should be communally owned in a communist system. As a result, there would be less crime being committed. The only solution to the crime issue is to have a socialist revolution. For example, in Western Europe there is very minimal crime since that part of the world is more socialist as compared to the United States of America. (Marsh Melville, 2006) On the issue of crime, Karl Marxs theory of alienation is also applicable. Over the years, some types of crime have continuously been labeled working class crime. The only question that is commonly left out is whether or not there are certain reasons that make these crimes to only be mostly committed by the working class group. Critically looking at it, it becomes clearer that there are certain factors that leave the working class as the sole victims of these crimes. We also note that crimes in the society do vary depending on different elements for example, age. In case a crime has been committed, it is evident that the judgment passed is highly dependent on the social class that one belongs to. Marxism argued that the final judgment is highly dependent on ones ability to be represented by a good lawyer. However, it is notably difficult for an individual from the working class group to be able to hire a good lawyer due to the limiting factors such as financial limitations. The same analysis is persistent in terms of the punishment that the offender receives. This leads to bias and inequality. Therefore, the main causes of criminality are hugely as a result of capitalism. For instance, the huge economic inequalities whereby the powerless (working class) are exploited by the powerful (ruling class). It is also vividly evident that the values imposed by capitalism push the working class to committing crimes. There is also the tendency of laws to imply that working class groups are the more likely wrong doers than the ruling class. As a result, there exists conflict between the working class individuals who also believe that they are enemies yet it is the ruling class who continuously exploit them every other day. (Greenberg, 1993) The Marxist theories do not at all rely on the available statistics on crime. They insist on the fact they are actually biased and do not at all in a clear way represent the actual distribution of criminality. They also argue that the statistics do not include the crimes of the ruling class because the laws governing such information are hugely biased. They do not allow access to some crimes; those committed by the ruling class are protected. As a result the Realists have criticized these views by the Marxists. They agree that the official statistics may be inaccurate but they still argue that the dismissal is too readily done. They argue that the statistics would be a huge basis for the explanations of crime and deviance. This therefore is a major weakness of the Marxist theories. Another major criticism is based on the fact that the Marxist theories do not deal with matters of gender and crime. As such, the theories are viewed to be inconclusive. For instance, in terms of gender, the theories would have dealt with issues on domestic violence. It is more likely that the working class women would be more prone to domestic violence as compared to women of the ruling class. This could be partly because the available incomes do not meet the needs that present themselves and arguments therefore ensue resulting in domestic violence. Generally, the level of crime is highly propagated by the fact that in our societies there exist classes and as a result there result conflicts between the different classes. The ruling class, which is more powerful, uses law to cover for their evil deeds that go unpunished. On the other hand, the working class is always punished for any crime because they are just mere subjects. These crimes are majorly as a result of the capitalism system which only dehumanizes the individuals who have hardly any power and are therefore helpless. The only solution to all the suffering so that everyone will feel that they are receiving equal treatments is the capitalism system being scrapped off. This way, crime will be largely decreasing. For as long as people are not treated equally, criminal behavior will never cease since there will always be one group of people that will be being exploited. (Akers, 1999) There have been suggestions by several scholars on peaceful solutions to criminology. This is such that in place of imprisonment, offenders should be practice of mediation so as to solve the arising problem. There should also be a theory why women commit less crime as compared to men, even in situations where the women are also part of the ruling class. From the above evaluation, we all anticipate that the findings of the Marxist would be put into practice so as to ensure that there is equality all over the world. This is a free world and no one should be discriminated against just because they are not of a particular social divide. Policy makers in states should carefully choose the best economic system to ensure equality of its people. The interest of the people should always be prioritized. The Marxists findings are a basis for a better tomorrow.

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown †Point of View Essay -- Young Goodma

     Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† how does the author present the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the narrative in this short story? This essay will answer these questions. R. W. B. Lewis in â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne† states that â€Å"there is always more to the world in which Hawthorne’s characters move than any one of them can see at a glance† (77). In Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† this fact is especially true since the main character, Goodman Brown, is a naà ¯ve hero and since the narrator tells much of the story through the limited point of view of the protagonist. In this story the author uses a third-person narrator, who uses proper names and third-person pronouns to designate the various characteris in the tale: YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN came forth at sunset, into the street of Salem village, but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap, while she called to Goodman Brown.   The narrator possesses the capability of reading the thoughts and feelings of the protagonist, the young Puritan husband, Goodman Brown, only, from among all the characters. As Brown turns the corner at the meeting house, he thinks: "Poor little Faith!" thought he, for his heart smote him. "What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too. Methought, as she spoke, there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. But, no, no! 'twould kill her to think it. Well; she's a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night, I'l... ...agonist as the character through whom the perceptions of the site are arriving to the reader. This inconsistency of viewpoint within given paragraphs may be a source for ambiguity within the tale. In conclusion, we have seen how in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the author presents the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the narrative in this short story, and what may be a source of ambiguity in the tale.  Ã‚      WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† 1835. http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html Lewis, R. W. B. â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.

Activity Based Costing Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction Activity Based Costing (ABC) addresses internal operating concerns and is an augmentation to the traditional cost management system. It is not a replacement for traditional accounting, but makes use of the source documents provided from standard job costing systems. ABC looks at a business unità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s events as cost drivers and assigns all company resources and accumulated costs against those events in a time-phased sequence. Revenue tracking provides management with a different point of view on the profitability of products and services, providing insight into pricing. Middle management and technical performing organizations are involved in the line item reporting provided within the ABC system, enabling management to achieve more responsibility of reported information throughout all levels of the organization. ABC is being ostensible by the accounting industry as the wave of the future and is gaining broad acceptance within larger organizations. This system is intended to provide performing entities and management alike. History of ABC Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an approach to costing that considers the resources consumed by activities in order to create and deliver a product or service. It evolved in the mid-1980s to improve the allocation of manufacturing overhead costs to products, but it soon became apparent that activity-based costing systems could be expanded to include non-manufacturing costs (Langfield-Smith, Thorne & Hilton, 2004). Review of ABC Whereas the underlying assumption of a conventional costing system is simply that products cause costs, an activity based costing system assumes that cost objects (e.g. juice) creates the demand for activities (e.g. manufacturing), which in turn causes resources to be consumed (e.g. manufacturing time, outlet space, etc.) and causes costs. Cost objects are the reason for performing activities, and activities are the processes or procedures that cause work and create costs. ABC analyses costs from the perception of the how much a particular activity costs, and the amount of resources consumed by the end product of the activity. Using activity based costing differs from traditional cost accounting in that the focus is on the activities that are required to produce an end product, rather than assuming that the volume of the end product is the only driver of costs. A cost driver is ... ... operations Problems with ABC While activity-based costing may yield more detailed product cost estimates, it must pass a cost benefit test before being implemented. Activity-based costing requires a much more detailed breakdown of costs into activities that cause costs. This can be a complex task involving the teamwork of management, production, accounting, purchasing, marketing and many others. A company should implement ABC only if it thinks the benefit from improved management decisions will outweigh the cost of establishing and maintaining the new cost system. Furthermore, there might be underestimation of the task of collecting activity driver data, and the implementation of this system may be considered a financial management which might cause insufficient commitment from operational managers. We should use activity-based costing if we find the benefits from the new system exceed its costs. REFERENCE 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Innes, J & Mitchell, F. (1991), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Activity Based Cost Managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, CIMA 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smith, K.L., Thorne, H., Hilton, R.W., (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Management Accounting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" an Australian perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill

Ielts Writing

In all over the world, especially those developed, child obesity becomes a serious issue and most of the parents just find it insurmountable. In fact, causes of child obesity are traceable. First, is the habit of eating junk food. We can easily reach a McDonalds or KFC on the street in the developed world like U. S. and be exposed to Coca Cola and Pepsi's advertisements. Children always want something taste good regardless of their nutrition nor fats.Parents usually ask their children to have fewer cans of coke while keep buying a dozen of cans home. Unless the parents play a more active role to help change their children's eating habit. Otherwise, obesity seems to be an unending problem. Secondly, a lack of physical exercise does matter. Children in developed world are generally wealthier. Most of the time they may be busy in playing play station and sitting down all day. The only exercise that they do are walk to the fringe to get a can of coke or to the toilet.They rarely go out f or a walk. Although there is PE lesson in school, children have it only once a week, which is far to effective. The raise of internet also leads to the above problem, as quite a lot of children have been addicted to some social network or Apps on mobile. The effects come along the obesity hurt not only the physical health but also the mental health of the obese child. Obesity can lead to heart related diseases. Once the children get overweight, they can hardly do any exercise because their bulky body.When they grow older, they may start suffering from low self-esteem since they care more about their own appearance and their weight may become a joke. This worsen the obesity problem as some of them may not want to get out of the house any more. It is understandable that children are of less self-control. So to cure obesity, parents, teachers and government ought to share the responsibilities. Parents should take the initiative to stop their child from having too much junk food. Teache rs can tell the students what are junk food' s cons while the schools should provide healthier lunch. Read also: Principles of Good Writing by L.A. HillThe government can put a limit on the amount of soft drinks and junk food advertisement as well as promote the pros of having regular exercises, building more facilities for public to enjoy doing exercises. To conclude, child obesity in developed world is not uncommon, the main reason is people become lazier when the society and technology become advanced. Both of parents, teachers and government have to by all means help the children to build up a good eating habit since they are the future of the society and health is the most valuable thing to them.

Cooks Brook Research

On September 8th of last week five teens went out to cooks brook for a day of swimming and adventure. Only four teens returned home that night. â€Å"We told him the rocks were two close† Comments Mark McGuire, one of the teens who went out to Cooks Brook that day. They were going out for a day of adventure but that day changed into a time of sadness for the small town of Boulder, Colorado. Tyler Nash 17, died around 4:30 on the eight of September. The five teens headed out to Cooks Brook around 10:00 that morning to have a day of hiking and cliff jumping as many teens in Boulder do on their Saturdays.They started with the lower rocks and soon they moved onto the cliffs, Tyler unlike the rest wanted to jump off the highest cliff he could. His peers advised him of the shelf of rock below. Tyler was already mid- air. â€Å"He never seemed to be afraid of anything, He was always up for adventure. He was the one who was always taking risks†. States Emily Haven a friend of T yler. Police do not believe this was a suicide attempt either as all of the teens participating. Police do believe that alcohol use could have been a factor in the teen’s death.They police and rescue team have still not found the body of Tyler and are now increasing the surface area of their search. The Nash Family has not yet made a statement on their son’s actions but has asked the press to withhold questions, as they need time to deal with their son’s death. The high school Tyler attended is holding a remembrance assembly, at 12:30 in the main gym. All are welcome. ———————– Teen dies cliff jumping at Cooks Brook. Body is not found. Cooks Brook Research On September 8th of last week five teens went out to cooks brook for a day of swimming and adventure. Only four teens returned home that night. â€Å"We told him the rocks were two close† Comments Mark McGuire, one of the teens who went out to Cooks Brook that day. They were going out for a day of adventure but that day changed into a time of sadness for the small town of Boulder, Colorado. Tyler Nash 17, died around 4:30 on the eight of September. The five teens headed out to Cooks Brook around 10:00 that morning to have a day of hiking and cliff jumping as many teens in Boulder do on their Saturdays.They started with the lower rocks and soon they moved onto the cliffs, Tyler unlike the rest wanted to jump off the highest cliff he could. His peers advised him of the shelf of rock below. Tyler was already mid- air. â€Å"He never seemed to be afraid of anything, He was always up for adventure. He was the one who was always taking risks†. States Emily Haven a friend of T yler. Police do not believe this was a suicide attempt either as all of the teens participating. Police do believe that alcohol use could have been a factor in the teen’s death.They police and rescue team have still not found the body of Tyler and are now increasing the surface area of their search. The Nash Family has not yet made a statement on their son’s actions but has asked the press to withhold questions, as they need time to deal with their son’s death. The high school Tyler attended is holding a remembrance assembly, at 12:30 in the main gym. All are welcome. ———————– Teen dies cliff jumping at Cooks Brook. Body is not found.

Nation of Islam Essay

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. He was born to a minister father that was a supporter of Black Nationalist Movement leader Marcus Garvey, which resulted in Malcolm experiencing discrimination and racial hatred from an early age. His father was killed and his home burned when Malcolm was young, and Malcolm was jailed in his early twenties after several run-ins with the law following his father’s death. He joined the Nation of Islam in while in prison, and when he was paroled in 1952 he was named the national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X was an outspoken, articulate, charismatic man that used television, radio, and every other form of media available to convey the Nation’s message. He preached for militant stance in the black community and for equal rights for African Americans, â€Å"by any means necessary†. This unwavering stance and militant attitude made some see Malcolm as a threat and he was followed under FBI surveillance until he was assassinated in 1965. He used his charisma and his steadfast beliefs to make the message of the Nation of Islam well known in America and to bring the issue of African American rights to the forefront of American consciousness. His mission later transformed from fighting for African American rights to fighting for equal human rights for every race, and he enforced the same militant stance with his new message. Mahatma Gandhi was a human rights leader like Malcolm X but he delivered his message in a very different way. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, he was given the name Mahatma because it means, â€Å"great soul†. He was born in British-ruled India and practiced law in South Africa which was also ruled by Britain. While in South Africa he began a twenty-year campaign for Indian freedom. Instead of X’s militant, unmoving approach, Gandhi practiced and taught the principles of non-violent resistance. He believed it was more honourable to be jailed for one’s cause than to create violence. He also practiced fasting as a way of conveying his message of peace and non-violence. He returned to India after twenty years and became the leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement. After India was declared independent in 1947, it was divided into India and Pakistan and the two countries rioted against one another. Gandhi began a fast to encourage the leaders to stop fighting. After he fasted for five days, the fighting stopped and the countries were at peace until Gandhi was assassinated shortly after. Until his death, Gandhi epitomized his message to, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world†. He saw no value in violence, and thought that the message of non-violence as a way of protest could bring tolerance, peace and unity more effectively than any violent act could. Despite the change in his place of residence and the political climate of his country he stayed true to his message of peace and unity.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Marquez

Gabriel Marquez is famed with producing a large collection of fine literature. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings guides readers into the depths of deep moral and spiritual truths—all done through the vision of a children’s tale; yet, it’s far from a simple short story for elementary students to digest. It’s Gabriel Marquez’s method and style that reaches out to the cultured individual as we look at point of view, character construction, and symbolism. Marquez, in fact, is very deliberate in his tone and thematic language which creates the power behind his tale. I will assess this short fiction piece and offer critical evidence to aid in dissecting how and what is the author’s true message: He blended magical realism with satirical undercurrents against the Columbian government. Marquez complicated his meaning by incorporating religion with government upheaval into Columbia, a country based in Catholicism. This steadfast government preferred to control its people instead of creating unity. The characters, too, hide their motive as Gabriel Marquez provides vivid descriptions of why the human mind has become so tainted by its own grip on material vices and following a strict higher order. Materialism and the Columbian government have put up walls, according to Marquez, between the spiritual world and the individual. In fact, an entire village in A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is so blinded of the true essence of human spirit that they cannot tap into it—even when a village cages an angel in town. Yet, could this1968 publication, an early creation by Marquez instead be a satirical stab at an artist who hopes to fool a small village of simple-minded folks? This idea generates great conflict as readers attempt unravel this complicated piece. Marquez’s story stirred up religion, the Latin American government, and social disharmony. Symbolism surrounding the ideal of his vision of the Latin American government was a tricky undertaking for Marquez. The main reason that this was a risk for Marquez is that if someone were to chastise or publicly mock the Columbian government, the repercussions most often led to the arrest of an individual. The government didn’t allow free-press or speaking out against the government. Since Columbia, by-and-large, is a catholic country Marquez’s angel can be viewed as a symbol of the constant praying done by their lower-class society. They prayed for their freedom, safety, and peaceful survival. It’s very ironic how a poor community is forced to save every peso they work so hard to earn. The limited funds netted by individuals and households winds up being just enough for survival. The government, in turn, looks the other way as it pilfers every peso they can from individuals and families. It’s almost a dictatorial monarchy that could be likened to the story of Robin Hood and the problems he faced when trying to share the wealth with the less fortunate. In Marquez’s story, he showed readers that the people of this simple Columbian village prayed often and deeply to God, praying for an angel to save them from this constant torment. Many times, their prayers were focused solely on having a just government to represent them. They, however, never new what a just, fair legal system was. This small Columbian village and its political practices remained hidden from many neighboring countries. In dissecting this short story, I must look further into symbolism. Marquez also painted a picture of the poor woman in the story. The poor woman is actually the symbol of the poor Columbian people. The poor people prayed; yet, nothing seemed to be going their way—whether they held rosary beads or not. Marquez, in his compassionate, writerly ways used his poetic license when he brought an angel to this community that was in dire need of reconciliation. The angel, however, does not fit the stereotypical white-winged halo of beauty, grace, and heavenly wisdom. Here, the angel arrives on the scene in its crumpled state of near-paralysis. Even the angel’s wings are covered in stench. This stench on these heavy, infected wings is symbolic of a suffering community. Marquez wrote the following to initiate this winged-angel into the story, which created a tone of what was to come from our angel: his huge buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked, were forever entangled in the mud. This description helps to create the theme of a troubled Latin American society. Every time a new election brings about a different government official or president, there seemed to be a need for spiritual aid for the Columbian nation. They always feel back on spiritual healing, but the healing never came to them. So, to display this, Marquez created the new government official, or president, as an angel coming to save Columbia in hopes of solving their massive problems. It so fitting, and ironic, that Marquez depicts the president as an angel. The president and government were anything but angelic toward its people. So to bring the message home, Marquez described a withered up, decrepit angel that is caged by the community—partly because they didn’t know what to make of this bird-creature. Marquez added in the short story, a poor woman who since childhood had been counting her heartbeats and had run out of numbers; the Portuguese Man who couldn’t sleep because the noise of the stars disturbed him†¦and many others with less serious ailments. Marquez further conveys meaning by creating characters that seem to have something missing. The angel, although it is a fantastic sight with its huge wings, appears to be very human, even ordinary. At best, it’s a disappointed angel that was forced into a standstill by the seeing eye of the people who yearned for a better system of government. We sense upheaval and emotions from the characters, yet he does not create concrete characters that the reader can relate to. There is a purpose to his magic, though. Our angel is described as a helpless angel, one that is caged by the people. Even though he appears to be so weak and unable to even walk, they cage him. This, in effect, symbolizes how the government has instilled decades of fear into the people, blinding them and weakening them. They cannot speak for themselves for fear of being imprisoned by the government. More irony can be seen here because the people are fearful of being imprisoned by the government rule when they are already caged by this oppressive government. The character of our angel creates the style of the story. It is, both fascinating and distressing. Readers discover an underlying source of tension by how ill-mannered they treat this angel-like creation. In reality, we know that people don’t sprout wings. So this is either some kind of monster, a cruel trick, or completely imagined. When the doctor examines this caged winged-man, he feels that the wings are perfect for this creature. He is left to wonder—since he believes the wings are a perfect fit—why God did not grace us with wings as well. They are a natural addition to the old man’s frame. When we look at the logic of the situation, we either feel it has supernatural intentions or its wings were meant to fit him. The author even has Pelayo and Elisenda overcome their own shock and dismay when they, too, feel he is a familiar creature. As readers, we are steered in the same direction and simple acceptance of this winged angel. In fact, none of the people that come to view the winged-man ever question its existence. At the end, we are left to wonder whether he was or was not an actual angel. In any event, he is, at the very least, an old man with wings. The caged angel is placed on a families’ property. The family living on the property are representations of the cabinet of the government figure. Marquez created a poor family for the angel to land on. Once the angel arrives, the family accepts it and discovers a means of generating some income. They use the angel as if the angel were a sideshow freak at a carnival attraction. The people in the village, as displayed by Marquez’s talented ability to create plot, are tainted by conventional wisdom, superstition, and ignorance. This ignorance is something that has been instilled by a government that refused to allow its people to grow and expand their individual knowledge base. Even though the angel is treated distastefully—and the angel appears pensive and even in pain—it is in no way, a bad angel or a representation of the angel of death. He is just a vulnerable creation who is plagued by the heavy burden of his wings. Again, these dysfunctional, stench-ridden wings represent the cabinet of the government that has plagued the community into submission. The following phrase written by Marquez helps signify the fact that these villagers are a people easily swayed by the voice of confidence. First, out of all the people they might call on to help decipher who, what, and where this apparent winged creature came from, the villagers called upon a fortune teller of sorts. Marquez wrote, They called in a neighbor woman who knew everything about life and death to see him, and all she needed was one look to show them their mistake. Marquez, then, related how quickly this apparent all-knowing woman comes to a conclusion about this winged man without more than a bat of her eye at the winged individual. â€Å"He’s an angel,† she told them. â€Å"He must have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down. Here, Marquez uses clever wit to state this woman as either a gifted clairvoyant or another peasant who has found a crafty way to make some money by offering counsel to people in need of aid. In closing, it’s important to remember that several techniques aided in developing the old man’s existence. Marquez used detailed sensory imagery that were visual (his wings, fading hairline, and parasites) and ocular (we could smell this angel and feel his wings brush up against us as it pressed ag ainst the cage. Furthermore, Marquez does not depict the angel as some glorified dove or eagle with thick plumage. Instead, we are given the image of the withering, stench-filled feathers of a buzzard. This, in essence, is the picture we are to visualize when we think of the Columbian government and how it treated its people. Marquez purposely goes against the stereotypical angel and makes his point in poetic fashion. Marquez presents us with a new slant on angels: What if they were real and were nothing like we expected them to be? He develops stress and apprehension between this old man’s dying magical qualities with his equally unclean human characteristics. Thus, we cannot clearly place our character in one mental state. For one, he doesn’t appear omnipotent or heavenly. He does appear to be lost and in the wrong place, unable—or unwilling—to communicate with the people of Columbian. Once again, this symbolically drives home Marquez’s point: The Columbian people are living in a harsh reality of an unjust governing body. In the end, the old man is a stubborn, dying man of flightless wings who has lost his wings of life by sucking the life out of its people.

Accounting Theory and Current Issue Samples for Students

The assignment intends to provide an extensive analysis of the article named Half a Deface of Positive Accounting Research†. The emphasis of this has been given with positive accounting in a broader aspect of the research where the main focus has been given in forming a casual description of the human behavior stated in the accounting framework rather than on PAT in accounting perspective. Moreover, the present segments has included by their positivist research program which has been identified with various deficiencies in practical scenario. The present segmentation has been able to bring out the inherent intricacies which are mainly constituted in the speculative models where the dependence is seen to takes place in hypothesis and that attention is given on the computation of numerical data [1]. The research has been further able to involve the intellectual projects after taking into consideration various types of positive accounting research along with advantages and disadvantages. The project has been aligned with ontology as well as epistemology. With emphasis to the present context the conduction of critical review related to positive accounting has been identified with various loopholes and this has restricted making contributions to the overall research project[2]. The study has been further conducted to give a brief overview of the article and critical analysis of each aspect which needs to be covered in the final section. Furthermore, the study will give an augmented focus to the different aspects of identifying research hypothesis, the description of the value and ensure smooth flow of data in the literature review. Hence, the theoretical framework has been seen to give proper insights of the information with different significance and limitations of the articles an d proper justification for the same[3]. With relevance to the particular article associated to Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research†, the main investigations of the research with respect to accounting research has been put on positive approach. In the accounting research associated with a positive approach has a connection with broader intellectual projects related to scientific research as it aims to analyze the various relationships associated to cause and effects. It has been further seen that the deficiencies in the positive accounting research has been mainly identified in form of selection of various papers which has taken into consideration auditing literature. Based on the analysis it has been understood that the positive research is used in accounting when there exists certain loopholes for the accomplishment of the scientific goal and it has been for the seen to be applicable after selecting the illustrative papers fit for conducting the research. In addition to this, the description given by Kuhn shows those normal sciences are seen to actually suit with the positive research of the accounting activities. It has been thereby noted that the various prospects associated to this revolution and the crisis has been properly mentioned along with the several types of potentials and accomplishment of positive accounting. The summary of the article has been further able to signify the importance for the identification of the loopholes in order to make proper recommendations during the conclusion of the study[4]. The study is in for the described with the researcher on the criterion given by Popper, this has been able to prove the point that the induction is not the sole measurement for the accuracy of any given theory. In other terms the article has been able to provide a brief review of falsification associated to positive accounting theories. There has been identified a total of four classes associated to the description that are used for error measurement, external effects, internal effect and the various types of inefficiencies of the relativity theory. It has been further noted that a specific theory cannot be anecdotal with the various observations and hence it is imperative to select between two or more theories. It needs to be further understood that the decisive observations has actually falsified the inaccuracies in the theories which are inherent in the case and seem to be supporting and opposing theory[5].  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This particular article has been further aim to provide an extensive dissection of the various types of limitations and the logic which are related to the statistical hypothesis testing. In this particular case, it has been discussed that it is a very dilutive version of the acquisition logic of Popper. This reason for this has been shown with every single test out of 20 may be wrongly rejected with 5% significance level. In this particular way there have been several technical issues present which are related to hypothesis testing and statistical distribution which is considered under null hypothesis and relies upon the supplementary assumptions. It has been further view that in case the technical issue has been resolved then there is a high chance that the hypothesis testing would fail. Therefore, it can be seen to be inherent only in case single alternative hypothesis has been taken into consideration without adequate focus in careful specification. This specification has been fur ther seen to be consistent with several types of accounting theories when it is seen to provide the association with the strength. Hence, the researchers seem to rely on the need for developing improved measurement procedure in order to test the theoretical models rigorously which prevails in the accounting practices[6]. The various types of hypothesis further research in the examination of the very day of positive accounting research has been listed below are as follows: H0: It has been seen that there has been an existence of the universe which is beyond the imagination of an individual H1: The events taking place in the world have sufficient reasons and form a part of the universe as well H2: the individuals are seen to octane high level of reliable source of the information associated to the global events with the assistance of vigilant observation H3: the various intention of intellectual property for observation has been utilized for gaining global understanding of the universe in case of causation The first hypothesis of the study has been able to test with different types of instances of positive research in accounting. It has been also seen with several operation of rational self-interest and interacting within the other parties who has been seeing to express opinion and the result of analysis of positive theories of accounting[7]. The significance of testing of the second hypothesis has been seen with understanding of scientific epistemology along with ontology which has been able to explain that the research of positive accounting is not ideal for the accounting research. Hence, it doesn’t seem to be essential to advocate the various events which are not seen to be taking place as a result of random or output of the interventions associated to outside universe[8]. The third hypothesis test of the researchers and seen to be discussing the falsifications and the hypothesis testing as a regular determination of validity of their actions. In addition to this, the theory has been able to require the proper examination of the facts you are preliminary idea has been developed. It is seen as a formal theory which can be actually developed with testable anticipations and is consistent with the various types of relevant dependable empirical evidences. Therefore, it has been seen to be necessary for the anticipants for testing of the new theory based on several types of new observations in a particular situation where the new theories make certain anticipations with the old ones[9]. The final hypothesis test has been seen as significant impact on the various models which focuses on the measurement. This is the same with mental models which can be used for the mapping of casual procedures in the universe. It is therefore important for the researcher to formulate the hypothesis which can be properly related to the review section of the literature. It has been identified that there are various theoretical frameworks which can be used to meet the objectives of the research. The operation of the balanced self-interest is seen to be taking place between the parties they are the outcome of the several accounting phenomena has been seen to be implied through the express contract in the various types of business enterprises. In addition to this these have been seen to cover the various accounting choices where the managers reports as well as takes charge of pricing decisions on behalf of the auditors. In this case, the auditors identified as the decision-makers by the use of various regulations based on standard setting and other professional advice to the academic practitioners. It has been further seen to be imperative to consider the fact which has been seen to be useful for determining the information assisting the investors in making investment decisions. This action has been actually seen to be reduced from the behavior of the human beings who are seen as rational in nature and does not include the theory of positive accounting. There has been for the seen a proper instance associated with article which helps in identification of the loopholes after a proper evaluation of the research[10]. On the other hand, that proper investigation of the accounting research is noted with various types of accounting settings which can take place in absence of: behavior. Such method is seen to be used by professional auditors in making judgments’. This particular method has been further seen to be used by the managers, who use this information to utilize discretion during the performance evaluation. There have been several instances which are seen to be helpful for demonstrating the positive research program and it is actually seen to be much wider in comparison with the positive accounting theory. It can be related to any specific field of research which intends to gain proper insight associated to the causes of accounting phenomena as well as nature after following a relevant scientific research of accounting. And it has been seen to be significant to have a better measurement tool so as to enhance the overall quality of the decision-making process in the future years[11]. The epistemological in the field of scientific research majorly ends in the explanation of various approaches which are available for gaining useful insight of the whole world. On the other hand, ontology relates to the activities as well as the relations for answering the questions. In the first place, the agency in theory has been seen to be socially developed through the rules as there is a close association with social art that does not have an object is subsistence which is seen to be devoid of human beings. Here the participants as well as the activities are not seen to pose any rational activities. It can be further understood that the art cannot be observed as a devoid of experience especially with the human beings explanation given by the participants. The intricacies taking place in the ontological and the epistemological measures has been seen with their agenda to gain proper insight of the data associated to accounting phenomena and its futile exercise of flogging of a de ad horse[12]. It has been further seen to be associated with various problems with the positive research as it is seen to explode the experience and the knowledge of the underlying reasons. There have been several research streams which has diverse range of the object is which are seen to actually exist in the given period of time. There are several other issues which are related to the agency and due to this reason is human beings are seen to pose their own veil and the actions are further seem to cause that are not acquiescent to scientific theory[13]. The need for effective research program has been seen with issues prevailing in the accounting. The need for the analytical model is seen to be helpful for testing as well as the formation of various types of theoretical models. In addition to this it has been seen to be helpful for implementing of analytical models in the positive accounting research program. The need for the measurement rather than only testing the Presidio is seen to be important procedure by the researchers. With particular relevance to accounting, the biasness has been noted with strong publication in and against the parameters, which is seen to exclude the same which has been associated with a given theory. This is due to the reason that there is a shortage of resource of accounting and adequate availability of the resource at the same time[14].  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main significance of the article has been associated to identify the broad which exist with the current practices and the positive accounting. It is further seem to be important for making relevant contributions and said it to broader intellectual program. Due to this reason there has been seen to be in absence of system optimization which modifies the same after rectification of a mistake. This is particularly aimed to provide rational insight of the scientific research where it is validated after participation of accounting groups. The research has helped in identification of improved theoretical models which are more reliable in nature[15]. The main limitation has been identified in form of not contributing to the awareness of human behavior in the present accounting context. The main reason for this has been identified in form of lack of collection of information associated to real life from the potential sources. The limitations have been further associated to primary and secondary data which are seen to hinder the quality of research. This particular research has been seen to be made with influences from the authors who had their opinions based on positive research accounting hands that quantitative aspect has not seen to be properly addressed[16].  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study can be concluded by providing an article which aims to evaluate the various concept of epistemological villas ontology of the positive accounting theory which has been identified with certain loopholes. It has been further recommended by the researcher that some of the theoretical models used in the articles needs to be formulated based on the detailed test of the accounting variables. Hence it is necessary for conduct in the findings of proxies which relates to the present reliable data. It has been further noted that the behavior of human beings are seen to be rational where everything does not seem to take place from the positive theory of accounting. Hence it has been seen to be significant to consider quantitative aspects of the accounting which needs to be prioritized in this case for improving the future performance of the business organization. Apostolou, Barbara, et al. "Accounting education literature review (2013–2014)."  Journal of Accounting Education  33.2 (2015): 69-127. Apostolou, Barbara, et al. "Accounting education literature review (2010–2012)."  Journal of Accounting Education  31.2 (2013): 107-161. Bampton, Roberta, and Christopher J. Cowton. "Taking stock of accounting ethics scholarship: A review of the journal literature."  Journal of Business Ethics  114.3 (2013): 549-563. Blanthorne, Cynthia, and Stu Westin. "VITA: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and an Analysis of the Program in Accounting Education in the US."  Issues in Accounting Education  31.1 (2015): 51-69. Chen, Theodore TY. "Is reform in accounting education needed in China and Russia: A literature review."  Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal  9.3 (2015): 72. Deegan, Craig. "So, who really is a â€Å"noted author† within the accounting literature? A reflection on Benson et al.(2015)."  Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal  29.3 (2016): 483-490. Doxey, Marcus M., et al. "Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2015-004, Supplemental Request for Comment: Rules to Require Disclosure of Certain Audit Participants on a New PCAOB Form: Participating Committee Members."  Current Issues in Auditing  10.1 (2015): C1-C10. Fakharzadeh, Tala. "Budgeting and Accounting in OECD Education Systems: A Literature Review."  OECD Education Working Papers  128 (2016): 0_1. Howieson, Bryan, et al. "Who should teach what? Australian perceptions of the roles of universities and practice in the education of professional accountants."  Journal of Accounting Education  32.3 (2014): 259-275. Lafond, C. Andrew, Anna C. McAleer, and Kristin Wentzel. "Enhancing the Link between Technology and Accounting in Introductory Courses: Evidence From Students."  Journal of the Academy of Business Education  17 (2016). Lawson, Raef A., et al. "Focusing accounting curricula on students' long-run careers: Recommendations for an integrated competency-based framework for accounting education."  Issues in Accounting Education  29.2 (2013): 295-317. Schmidt, Ulrike, and Thomas Gà ¼nther. "Public sector accounting research in the higher education sector: a systematic literature review."  Management Review Quarterly  (2016): 1-31. Siepel, Josh, and Paul Nightingale. "The increasing pervasiveness of financial markets across the global economy has been identified in the literature with the spread of ‘Anglo-Saxon capitalism’, reflecting the notion that a common US–UK model of governance and managerial attitudes is becoming increasingly common worldwide. This paper questions the existence of a common US–UK model by exploring how the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxon capitalism’..."  Critical Perspectives on Accounting  25.1 (2014): 27-35. Tucker, Basil P. "Figuratively speaking: analogies in the accounting classroom."  Accounting Education  26.2 (2017): 166-190. Webb, Jill, and Caroline Chaffer. "The expectation performance gap in accounting education: a review of generic skills development in UK accounting degrees."  Accounting Education  25.4 (2016): 349-367. Webb, Jill, and Caroline Chaffer. "The expectation performance gap in accounting education: a review of generic skills development in UK accounting degrees."  Accounting Education  25.4 (2016): 349-367 [1] Apostolou, Barbara, et al. "Accounting education literature review (2010–2012)."  Journal of Accounting Education  31.2 (2013): 107-161. [2] Schmidt, Ulrike, and Thomas Gà ¼nther. "Public sector accounting research in the higher education sector: a systematic literature review."  Management Review Quarterly  (2016): 1-31 [3] Apostolou, Barbara, et al. "Accounting education literature review (2013–2014)."  Journal of Accounting Education  33.2 (2015): 69-127. [4] Lafond, C. Andrew, Anna C. McAleer, and Kristin Wentzel. "Enhancing the Link between Technology and Accounting in Introductory Courses: Evidence From Students."  Journal of the Academy of Business Education  17 (2016) [5] Siepel, Josh, and Paul Nightingale. "The increasing pervasiveness of financial markets across the global economy has been identified in the literature with the spread of ‘Anglo-Saxon capitalism’, reflecting the notion that a common US–UK model of governance and managerial attitudes is becoming increasingly common worldwide. This paper questions the existence of a common US–UK model by exploring how the concept of ‘Anglo-Saxon capitalism’..."  Critical Perspectives on Accounting  25.1 (2014): 27-35. [6] Chen, Theodore TY. "Is reform in accounting education needed in China and Russia: A literature review."  Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal  9.3 (2015): 72. [7] Howieson, Bryan, et al. "Who should teach what? Australian perceptions of the roles of universities and practice in the education of professional accountants."  Journal of Accounting Education  32.3 (2014): 259-275. [8] Fakharzadeh, Tala. "Budgeting and Accounting in OECD Education Systems: A Literature Review."  OECD Education Working Papers  128 (2016): 0_1. [9] Deegan, Craig. "So, who really is a â€Å"noted author† within the accounting literature? A reflection on Benson et al.(2015)."  Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal  29.3 (2016): 483-490. [10] Blanthorne, Cynthia, and Stu Westin. "VITA: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and an Analysis of the Program in Accounting Education in the US."  Issues in Accounting Education  31.1 (2015): 51-69. [11] Webb, Jill, and Caroline Chaffer. "The expectation performance gap in accounting education: a review of generic skills development in UK accounting degrees."  Accounting Education  25.4 (2016): 349-367. [12] Doxey, Marcus M., et al. "Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2015-004, Supplemental Request for Comment: Rules to Require Disclosure of Certain Audit Participants on a New PCAOB Form: Participating Committee Members."  Current Issues in Auditing  10.1 (2015): C1-C10. [13] Tucker, Basil P. "Figuratively speaking: analogies in the accounting classroom."  Accounting Education  26.2 (2017): 166-190. [14] Bampton, Roberta, and Christopher J. Cowton. "Taking stock of accounting ethics scholarship: A review of the journal literature."  Journal of Business Ethics  114.3 (2013): 549-563. [15] Lawson, Raef A., et al. "Focusing accounting curricula on students' long-run careers: Recommendations for an integrated competency-based framework for accounting education."  Issues in Accounting Education  29.2 (2013): 295-317. [16] Webb, Jill, and Caroline Chaffer. "The expectation performance gap in accounting education: a review of generic skills development in UK accounting degrees."  Accounting Education  25.4 (2016): 349-367.